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The Effect from Chinese Telecommunication Policy on Social Informationalization of China
――――A Case Study of Internet Media
Huang Guo
1、Introduction
Internet has been developed greatly since its introduction by china post and electronic Department in 1995. In 1997, the amount of netizen was 620 thousand—investigated by China Network Information Center (CNNIC). 1The bandwidth both in abroad and domestic is also growing. With the entering of the venture capital and the public focus on the new media and communication method, the feature of Internet as a medium revealed sufficiently. Many Chinese youth consider Internet as a primary chosen medium when they would like to access news.
But the management of the Internet is a difficult problem to china and other developed countries. United States established “Communication Law” in 1995, similar laws were issued in Germany and Japan as well. Though these laws played an active role in the development of the online media, as a whole, they are all immature. The insufficiency is can be seen from the lack of systematic. There are few studies in the area of how to deal with the Internet and regulate the information on the Internet. So how to remain the balance of the free development of the online media and the management of the new media have become a hot area among academic research, but the relevant studies are still underway, there are many deficiencies need addressing. The Internet is definitely the greatest invention in the human history, as the industrial revolution inspired by the automobile and engine led us to the industrial society. The birth of Internet help us accelerate our pace to more advanced stage —information society. The telecommunication policy plays an important role not only in online media but also in the change of the whole society. The laws about the management of the Internet of china is very primitive, the feature of the online media made the government impossible to use the former rule to control the new media, so the government try to draw a new policy which will suit for the new media. The contribution of this study is to find out a rational and scientific telecommunication policy for china and dedicate it to the study and formulation of the Chinese telecommunication policy.
This article will analyze the attitude and the ideas of the government to the new media through the case of online media. In a word, China will adopt means of “the administration、law and management of the business company to manage the online commercial media ,and try to establish the traditional media’s websites which are controlled by the government by the government’s special policies and national funds, the methods is to form the government’s own voice on the online media field.”
2、Literature Review
Due to the effect of the telecommunication policy on social development, many scholars from various countries put forward their theories.
Rogers (1976) 2redefined development as “a widely participatory process of social change, intended to bring about both social and material advancement, including grater equality, freedom and other valued qualities, for the majority of the people through their gaining greater control over their environment.
The concept of development at the end of 20th century includes three dimensions: economic growth, equitable distribution and the satisfaction of basic needs.
There are many different theories to explain the rampant poverty and low productivity of developing country like china. These theories can be classified into three categories: the individual deficiency model, the social-institutional deficiency model, and the international deficiency model. 3
The individual deficiency model stipulates that traditional attitudes and personality are the main barriers to development. The premise of this model is that the root of underdevelopment lies in the outdated traditions of people.
The social-institutional deficiency model seeks explanations for underdevelopment from social and institutional deficiencies.
The international deficiency model views underdevelopment primarily as an international problem. The main cause for the developing country’s poverty is expatiation of the developed countries in the capitalist world system.
Information plays a very important role in information age, and the online media is the most popular media form. Jeff (1984)4 pointed out that modern telecommunication reduces information costs. Telecommunication is important not only in improving economic efficiency, but in creating employment and reducing inequality.
Parapak (1993) 5summarized eight roles of satellite communications in national development. These roles can be conceived as telecommunications’ contribution to development.
accelerating national development
modernizing and integrating society
improving efficiency and productivity
enhancing equitable distribution
conserving energy
eliminating isolation of remote areas
expanding market opportunities
Attracting capital for infrastructure.
But the deficiency of these theories and hypotheses is that they do not investigate concretely how the telecommunication affect the online media and the whole society; the work of analyzing the telecommunication of china is a pilot study, many resources and conclusions were concluded before 1998,but the telecommunication of china is developing rapidly, especially the Internet, so many problems in the field of the telecommunication effect on Internet of china need solving.
3、Current situation Study
(1) Current situation of the online media in china
Chinese online media grows very rapidly, and so the recipient (until now is over 20 million). As to the form , there are online media published by web 、online media published by email and online media communicates information using instant message such as ICQ、AIM and so on . As for the operator of the online media, there will be classified to 4 categories, the personal website ,the website sponsored by the traditional media 、the website independent from the traditional media and the commerce ICP. There are also foreign Media Company establish their website but consider the netizen of mainland as their primary receiver. They all have their own advantages and disadvantages like a coin with two sides.
The government of china is strict in the media; they order the media to report the news according to the government’s thought and value by registrations. The government owns the whole media company in china, so the method of management functions very well. But the feature of the online media made it impossible for the government to spy the media manually. The commercial ICP also has some different views and thoughts in reporting the news. All of the above form a barrier to government when he try to get into the act of governing the new media.
(2) The new method of management and their results
Chinese government tries many methods to manage the online media ,including publishing the relevant laws to forbid the commercial ICP from reporting the news of their own , cultivating the traditional media into the mainstream media in information age、controlling the Internet bar and using registration system to acknowledge the real name and company of the netizen and screening the adverse online media.
There is no doubt that telecommunication policy plays an important role in the whole society. As to the telecommunication policy made by the government at present ,the impact is to enlarge the digital divisions、improving remote education and waste the resource of the online media and the telecommunication because of the bad distribution. All of these effects are the results of the government’s attitude toward the online media.
4、The content of research program
This study will focus on the following question
The history and development of the legistration of the journalism, especially the telecommunication policy.
analyzing the efficiency 、pertinence and the deficiency of the current telecommunication policy of China
The evaluation of the telecommunication policy’s effect on the development of the society.
the trends of the telecommunication policy of china and development of the new media
Through the comparisons of the telecommunication policy of china and other countries, put forward the good suggestion to the policy maker.
5、Research method
The studies will use literature review、random sampling and FGI: focus group interview and case study.
Method of literature review will analyze the background of the legislation of telecommunication policy and its effect in different stages, try to bring out my own option under the help of other scholars’ research.
Sampling and focus group will use questionnaire to draw the demonstration conclusion.
Case study will focus on the telecommunication policy effect on a certain or the same group of new media companies. Case study will chose the online media with the government background 、a online media with the traditional media、a personal online media and a commerce ICP.
6、My special qualification
My special qualification and the unreplaced strengths are: first, I have accumulate quite some knowledge of computer and Internet since I studied in the journalism department of the people’s University of china, which is the best department of journalism in china. Second, I have been working as a reporter and an editor of the famous IT newspaper —-“china computer world” sponsored by the IT media leader —IDG of USA after graduation. My job is to track the ICP and ISP of china, in two years I have set up rapport with a good relationship with Chinese Internet leaders such as Sina.com and Netease.com and familiar with this field. I have published many influencing articles in the field of domain name 、stat of the netizen 、 the online media and the competition of the ISPs. Third, I get many first-hand resources that cannot be acquired from the books in the library, and I have acquainted with many experts such as my university 、Chinese academy of social sciences ,who can help me in the study of telecommunication policy.
References
1. http://www.cnnic.net.cn
3.Paul S.N.LEE (1993) Telecommunication and Development : An Introduction
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